Chapter 22: Dermatological Diseases in Children

The text outlines essential assessment techniques, including the description of lesion morphology and configurations, as well as the utilization of the Braden Q Scale to evaluate pressure injury risks in hospitalized patients. A significant portion of the content is dedicated to acquired disorders, detailing the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and nursing management of various forms of dermatitis, including diaper dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and atopic dermatitis (eczema), where skin hydration and the application of emollients are identified as paramount interventions. The discussion extends to common bacterial infections such as impetigo, cellulitis, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), alongside viral infections like human papillomavirus (warts) and herpes simplex virus type 1. Fungal infections, specifically tinea capitis, corporis, and pedis, are categorized by location and appropriate antifungal treatment protocols. The chapter also addresses parasitic infestations, distinguishing between pediculosis capitis (head lice) and scabies based on clinical signs like nits versus burrows. Furthermore, the text covers traumatic injuries, offering guidelines for managing insect bites, including Lyme disease prevention and tick removal, as well as animal bites and lacerations. Finally, the chapter concludes with a robust review of burn injuries, classifying them by depth and severity, explaining the "Rule of Nines" for body surface area estimation, and detailing the critical phases of burn care from emergency fluid resuscitation and airway management to long-term wound rehabilitation, grafting, and scar prevention.