Chapter 15: Mental Health Disorders in Children

Mental Health Disorders in Children begins by analyzing the biological, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to mental illness, such as neurochemical dysregulation involved in conditions like depression and anxiety. The text details the essential components of a mental status examination and the importance of evaluating developmental milestones to distinguish between typical behavior and pathology. A significant portion of the chapter is dedicated to neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders, specifically Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), outlining interventions that range from psychostimulants to behavioral modification and Individualized Education Plans (IEPs). It rigorously differentiates between various mood disorders, including Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder, while emphasizing critical safety protocols for suicide risk assessment and the management of non-suicidal self-injury. The discussion extends to anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, phobias, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), as well as trauma-related conditions like Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Reactive Attachment Disorder. Furthermore, the chapter contrasts disruptive behavior disorders, specifically Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder, with internalizing issues like Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Finally, it covers the management of substance use disorders, childhood schizophrenia, and the nursing responsibilities within a therapeutic milieu, including the ethical application of restraints, seclusion, and crisis de-escalation strategies.