Chapter 50: Concepts of Care for Patients With Stomach Disorders

The stomach's role in mechanical and chemical digestion is examined alongside conditions that compromise these essential functions. Gastritis, an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, is explored in detail, including acute and chronic presentations caused by factors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, Helicobacter pylori infection, stress, and alcohol consumption. The chapter discusses how these causative agents damage the protective mucosal layer and lead to symptoms including epigastric pain, nausea, and potential hemorrhage. Peptic ulcer disease is thoroughly analyzed, covering the formation of ulcers in both the stomach and duodenum, with emphasis on the role of acid secretion, mucosal defense mechanisms, and H. pylori infection in disease pathogenesis. Nursing assessment focuses on recognizing signs of acute complications such as perforation and hemorrhage, which require immediate intervention. Pharmacological management strategies are detailed, including antacid therapy, histamine-2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, and antimicrobial agents for H. pylori eradication. The chapter addresses surgical interventions for refractory cases and their post-operative nursing implications. Gastric cancer is presented with attention to risk factors, screening considerations in high-risk populations, and the emotional and physical challenges patients face during treatment. Throughout the chapter, nursing care is framed around promoting tissue healing, maintaining adequate nutrition despite gastric dysfunction, managing pain and discomfort, and providing patient education regarding medication adherence, dietary modifications, and lifestyle factors that influence gastric health and disease progression.