Chapter 4: Perinatal Nursing Practice in Canada

Perinatal Nursing Practice in Canada outlines the historical shift from colonial roots to a regionalized care model, highlighting key milestones like the formal recognition of midwifery and the establishment of national practice standards. Central to Canadian perinatal practice are the guiding principles of family-centred maternal and newborn care (FCMNC), which view pregnancy and childbirth as normal, healthy life processes rather than medical conditions. This approach fosters an environment of mutual respect, cultural safety, and informed decision-making, ensuring that the unique needs of diverse populations—including Indigenous communities, LGBTQ2 individuals, and those experiencing homelessness—are met with dignity. The text further analyzes critical health indicators tracked by the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System (CPSS), such as birth and fertility rates, maternal morbidity, and infant mortality, noting how these are influenced by social determinants like poverty and geographic isolation. It addresses modern challenges such as the rising rates of Caesarean sections and preterm births, while advocating for interprofessional collaboration and evidence-informed practices like the Baby-Friendly Initiative to promote breastfeeding. Finally, the chapter connects local nursing efforts to global health goals, discussing the importance of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and the role of nurses in identifying and assisting victims of human trafficking or those affected by female genital cutting.