Chapter 14: School-Age Health Promotion & Family Care

The text examines the physiological transition defined by slow, steady physical growth and the significant milestone of shedding deciduous teeth to acquire permanent dentition, often referred to as the age of the loose tooth. It explores the onset of prepubescence, noting the variability in physical maturation between girls and boys. The summary delves into essential developmental theories, highlighting Erik Erikson's psychosocial stage of industry versus inferiority, where children seek a sense of accomplishment and competence, and Jean Piaget's cognitive stage of concrete operations, characterized by the mastery of conservation, classification, and the decline of egocentrism. Moral development is traced through Kohlberg’s stages, moving from rigid rule adherence to an understanding of intentions and social reciprocity. Significant attention is placed on social dynamics, including the increasing influence of peer groups, the formation of intimate friendships, the emergence of clubs, and the critical issues of bullying and cyberbullying. The description addresses the challenges of latchkey children, the necessity of discipline, and behavioral concerns such as lying, stealing, and cheating. Furthermore, it provides comprehensive coverage of health maintenance, including nutritional needs to combat obesity, sleep requirements, and the nurse's role in sex education. A major section is dedicated to dental health, focusing on malocclusion, caries prevention, and emergency care for avulsed teeth. Finally, the text details injury prevention strategies regarding motor vehicles, bicycle safety, and sports participation, emphasizing the role of the school nurse in fostering a safe educational environment and providing anticipatory guidance to families.