Chapter 8: Infertility, Contraception, & Abortion Care

Infertility, Contraception, & Abortion Care investigates the intricate clinical and psychosocial dimensions of reproductive health in Canada, specifically addressing infertility, contraception, and abortion care. It begins by exploring infertility as a multifaceted health concern affecting roughly sixteen percent of the reproductive-age population, detailing the various female factors—such as ovulatory dysfunction and tubal patency—and male factors, including sperm concentration and hormonal imbalances, that influence conception. The diagnostic process is outlined as a systematic interprofessional effort, leading to treatments ranging from lifestyle changes to advanced assisted human reproduction (AHR) technologies like in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The text further transitions into a detailed analysis of family planning, categorizing contraceptive methods by their typical and theoretical effectiveness. This includes fertility awareness-based strategies, barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms, and highly effective hormonal options such as combined oral contraceptives, transdermal patches, and intrauterine devices. The discussion also covers permanent sterilization through vasectomy and tubal ligation, emphasizing the importance of informed consent and patient autonomy. Finally, the chapter addresses the legal and clinical landscape of elective pregnancy termination in Canada, describing surgical aspiration and medical induction protocols involving mifepristone and misoprostol. Throughout these topics, the nurse’s role is highlighted as a provider of nonjudgmental education, compassionate support, and advocacy, ensuring that patients can navigate the complex ethical, religious, and personal decisions involved in their reproductive journeys.